Gambling is an activity whereby individuals risk something of value on an event whose outcome is largely determined by chance. It has been present in virtually all societies throughout history, and it has spawned vigorous pro- and anti-gambling movements. Regardless of its popularity or detractors, it has been the cause of personal and financial ruin for many people.
Most people gamble for enjoyment and some experience negative side effects, but the majority of gamblers are able to control their gambling and enjoy the game without becoming addicted. There are also a number of benefits to gambling that are less well known, such as socialization and the mental developments that can result from learning how to play a new game and trying out various strategies to win.
A person who has a gambling problem is likely to exhibit one or more of the following symptoms:
Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling. Often gambles when feeling distressed (e.g., helpless, guilty, anxious, or depressed). Frequently returns another day to try to get even with lost money (chasing losses). Lies to conceal the extent of involvement in gambling. Has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity because of gambling. Relies on others to provide money to relieve desperate financial situations caused by gambling.
There are several ways to overcome gambling addiction. First, it is important to establish a strong support network. This can be accomplished by making an effort to connect with friends and family members, joining a sports team or book club, enrolling in a class, or volunteering for a good cause. It is also a good idea to seek professional help. This can be done by seeking out a counselor or participating in a peer support program such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step recovery model used by Alcoholics Anonymous.
A gambling addiction may be caused by an underlying mood disorder such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. It can also be the result of stress, unemployment, or poor finances. If these conditions are not treated, it will be difficult to manage a gambling addiction.
Despite the negative effects of gambling, it is still a popular pastime in many cultures. It is believed that Palamedes invented dice during the 10-year Trojan War, and astragalus cubes carved from sheep or dog bones have been found in Egypt, dating back more than 5,000 years. In addition, gambling is found in nearly every country in the world, and it continues to be a lucrative industry.
In the United States, the growth of gambling has been driven by economic turmoil since the 1970s and a shift in corporate culture that puts an emphasis on bottom-line profits. In addition, technological advances, such as electronic communications and Internet gambling sites, have fueled the expansion of the gambling industry. Gambling is now a major industry with billions of dollars in turnover. It is estimated that 2.5 million Americans (1%) meet the diagnostic criteria for a gambling disorder, and an additional 5-8 million have mild to moderate gambling problems.
